The Mexican vihuela, a key instrument in mariachi music, likely originated in western Mexico in the early 1800s, coinciding with the rise of organized mariachi groups around 1840.  While its exact origins are unknown, it takes its name from the Renaissance-era Spanish vihuela.  Distinguished by its rounded back and smaller, figure-eight shape, early vihuelas were often crudely made with available materials. Cedar and tacote wood are preferred for resonance.  Instrument maker Roberto Morales Sr. is credited with refining the modern vihuela around 1943, with input from musicians like those in Mariachi Vargas.  

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Source: Vihuela Chord and Rhythm Book © Gasca Productions

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The guitarrón, a large, six-string bass guitar fundamental to mariachi music, arose in 19th-century Mexico. While its exact origins are uncertain, it likely developed from or was influenced by European stringed instruments introduced by the Spanish. Characterized by its deep, resonant tone, the guitarrón boasts a distinctively arched back and a relatively short neck. Traditional construction employs various kinds of wood chosen for their tonal qualities and resilience. Although no single luthier is as prominently associated with the guitarrón's "modernization" as with the vihuela, its design evolved in tandem with mariachi music, becoming a cornerstone of its rhythmic and harmonic foundation.